Singaporean vs Malaysian Food

Whether it’s due to their proximity to each other or because of the cross-over cultural influences, there is an assumption that food in Singapore and Malaysia is the same; however, in nearby countries like Indonesia and Thailand, this isn’t the case. So the question remains, is there really a difference?

Both Singaporean and Malaysian cuisine take influence from Chinese, Indian, Malay and Peranakan cultures, but then they have their own regional differences – from Chinese dialect groups, Malay regions and more. For example, in Singapore, the Chinese cuisine is strongly influenced by Hokkien and Teochew traditions, whereas in Malaysia, Cantonese traditions play a bigger role. The best way to see the differences between Malaysian and Singaporean food is by looking at some of the famous dishes found on both sides of the Johor Strait.


Chicken Rice is widely considered Singapore’s most famous dish and one of the city-state’s national dishes. The dish’s popularity certainly rose after Anthony Bourdain included it as one of his top meals to eat before you die. In Singapore, a bowl of fragrant rice made using the chicken stock is served alongside a plate of sliced poached chicken breasts and a selection of condiments for adding to the rice. In Malaysia, however, the chicken is served roasted or even in a BBQ or honey-style sauce. The rice differs as well, served as tightly packed rice balls but still with an array of soy and chilli sauces.


Another hugely popular dish found on both sides of the border is chilli crab. Generally considered to be Singaporean, its true origins came under fire a few years ago when Malaysia’s Tourism Minister claimed that it, along with several other dishes, had been co-opted by other nations. The dish is made similarly in both countries with various species of crab cooked in a tomato sauce and garnished with chilli and eggs, resulting in a sweet and spicy sauce.


The dish that best shows the culinary differences between the two nations is curry laksa, a popular spicy soup that can have a wide assortment of ingredients. In Singapore, it is sometimes named Katong Laksa for the famous Joo Chiat restaurant, 328 Katong Laksa. The version found across Singapore is a thick coconut curry soup, and other ingredients include fish cakes, prawns, and a large serving of noodles. By comparison, the Malay dish is assam laksa, sometimes called Penang Laksa. This dish is sour, and the soup base comprises tamarind (which gives it its sour taste) and fish stock. An array of vegetables, ginger, fish slices and vermicelli are then added to complete the soup.

What do you think, is there a considerable difference between the cuisines of these two countries? The best way to find out is to come out to Asia and try them for yourself!

Species of Otters (Part 2)

European otter

The European otter (Lutra lutra), also called the Eurasian otter, inhabits Europe, most of Asia and parts of North Africa. In the British Isles, they were common as recently as the 1950s, but became rare in many areas due to the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, habitat loss and water pollution (they remained relatively common in parts of Scotland and Ireland). Population levels reached a low point in the 1980s, but are now recovering strongly. The UK Biodiversity Action Plan envisages the re-establishment of otters by 2010 in all the UK rivers and coastal areas they inhabited in 1960. Roadkill deaths have become one of the significant threats to the success of their re-establishment.

North American river otter

In some areas, this is a protected species, and some places have otter sanctuaries that help sick and injured otters to recover.The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) became one of the major animals hunted and trapped for fur in North America after European contact. River otters eat a variety of fish and shellfish, as well as small land mammals and birds. They grow to one meter (3 to 4 ft) in length and weigh from five to 15 kilograms (10 to 30 lb).

Sea otter

Unlike most marine mammals (such as seals or whales), sea otters do not have a layer of insulating blubber. As with other species of otter, they rely on a layer of air trapped in their fur, which they keep topped up by blowing into the fur from their mouths. They spend most of their time in the water, whereas other otters spend much of their time on land.Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are classified as marine mammals and live along the Pacific coast of North America. Their historic range included shallow waters of the Bering Strait and Kamchatka, and as far south as Japan. Sea otters have about 26,000 to 165,000 hairs per square centimeters of skin, a rich fur for which humans hunted them almost to extinction. By the time the 1911 Fur Seal Treaty gave them protection, so few sea otters remained that the fur trade had become unprofitable. Sea otters eat shellfish and other invertebrates (especially clams, abalone, and sea urchins). Otter populations are affected by the density of prey they hunt. Because the otter food source is easier to excavate from rocky-bottom habitats, opposed to soft-bottom habitats, more otters tend to live in waters with rocky-bottoms with access to shallow-burrowing prey. They frequently carry a rock in a pouch under their forearm and use this to smash open shells, making them one of the relatively small number of animals that use tools. They grow to 1.0 to 1.5 m (3.3 to 4.9 ft) in length and weigh 30 kg (66 lb). Although once near extinction, they have begun to spread again, from remnant populations in California and Alaska.

Giant otter

Relation with humans. The giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) inhabits South America, especially the Amazon river basin, but is becoming increasingly rare due to poaching, habitat loss, and the use of mercury and other toxins in illegal alluvial gold mining. This gregarious animal grows to a length of up to 1.8 m (5.9 ft), and is more aquatic than most other otters.

Otters (Part 1)

Otters are carnivorous mammals in the subfamily Lutrinae. The 13 extant otter species are all semiaquatic, aquatic or marine, with diets based on fish and invertebrates. Lutrinae is a branch of the weasel family Mustelidae, which also includes badgers, honey badgers, martens, minks, polecats, and wolverines.

The etymology behind otters are the word otter derives from the Old English word otor or oter. This, and cognate words in other Indo-European languages, ultimately stem from the Proto-Indo-European language root *wódr̥, which also gave rise to the English word "water".

In terms of terminology, An otter's den is called a holt or couch. Male otters are called dogs or boars, females are called bitches or sows, and their offspring are called pups. The collective nouns for otters are bevy, family, lodge, romp (being descriptive of their often playful nature) or, when in water, raft.

The feces of otters are typically identified by their distinctive aroma, the smell of which has been described as ranging from freshly mown hay to putrefied fish; these are known as spraints.

The life cycle of an otter is very interesting. The gestation period in otters is about 60 to 86 days. The newborn pup is cared for by the bitch, dog and older offspring. Bitch otters reach sexual maturity at approximately two years of age and males at approximately three years. The holt is built under tree roots or a rocky cairn, more common in Scotland. It is lined with moss and grass.

After one month, the pup can leave the holt and after two months, it is able to swim. The pup lives with its family for approximately one year. Otters live up to 16 years; they are by nature playful, and frolic in the water with their pups. Its usual source of food is fish, and further downriver, eels, but it may sample frogs and birds.

Characteristics of otters are otters have long, slim bodies and relatively short limbs. Their most striking anatomical features are the powerful webbed feet used to swim, and their seal-like abilities holding breath underwater. Most have sharp claws on their feet and all except the sea otter have long, muscular tails. The 13 species range in adult size from 0.6 to 1.8 m (2.0 to 5.9 ft) in length and 1 to 45 kg (2.2 to 99.2 lb) in weight. The Oriental small-clawed otter is the smallest otter species and the giant otter and sea otter are the largest. They have very soft, insulated underfur, which is protected by an outer layer of long guard hairs. This traps a layer of air which keeps them dry, warm, and somewhat buoyant under water.

Several otter species live in cold waters and have high metabolic rates to help keep them warm. European otters must eat 15% of their body weight each day, and sea otters 20 to 25%, depending on the temperature. In water as warm as 10 °C (50 °F), an otter needs to catch 100 g (3.5 oz) of fish per hour to survive. Most species hunt for three to five hours each day and nursing mothers up to eight hours each day.

For most otters, fish is the staple of their diet. This is often supplemented by frogs, crayfish and crabs.[9] Some otters are expert at opening shellfish, and others will feed on available small mammals or birds. Prey-dependence leaves otters very vulnerable to prey depletion. Sea otters are hunters of clams, sea urchins and other shelled creatures. They are notable for their ability to use stones to break open shellfish on their stomachs. This skill must be learned by the young.[10]

Otters are active hunters, chasing prey in the water or searching the beds of rivers, lakes or the seas. Most species live beside water, but river otters usually enter it only to hunt or travel, otherwise spending much of their time on land to avoid their fur becoming waterlogged. Sea otters are considerably more aquatic and live in the ocean for most of their lives.

Otters are playful animals and appear to engage in various behaviors for sheer enjoyment, such as making waterslides and then sliding on them into the water. They may also find and play with small stones. Different species vary in their social structure, with some being largely solitary, while others live in groups – in a few species these groups may be fairly large.

Malaysian Food

In particular, Malaysian food is heavily influenced by Thai, Chinese, Indonesian and Indian cuisine. These influences extend from the use of the wok to the combinations of spices used in many popular dishes.

Malay food is generally spicy. Dishes are not always necessarily chilli-hot per se, but there will always, at the least, be a chilli-based sambal on hand. Traditional Southeast Asian herbs and spices meet Indian, Middle Eastern and Chinese spices in Malaysian food, leading to fragrant combinations of coriander and cumin (the basis of many Malay curries) with lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, cardamom, star anise and fenugreek.

As elsewhere in Asia, rice is an essential staple. Local or Thai rice is the most common, but Indian basmati is used in biryani dishes. Nasi lemak (‘fatty rice’), a dish of rice steamed with coconut milk and served with dried anchovies (ikan bilis), peanuts, hardboiled eggs, dried shrimp, cucumber and sambal, is considered Malaysia’s national dish and may be eaten for breakfast, lunch or dinner. It is often served with a choice of curries or a popular spicy meat stew (usually, though not always, beef) known as rendang. Noodles are another popular starch staple, as are Indian breads such as roti canai, idli, puri and dhosa, which are commonly eaten with breakfast.

Early Chinese settlers often wed local Malay brides and this gave rise to a generation of mixed Chinese-Malays known as Peranakan. The Malay word "nonya", a term of respect for older women, has become synonymous with the distinctive Malaysian-Chinese cooking style of the Peranakans. The best known example in Australia is the popular spicy noodle soup laksa, of which there are two main types, curry laksa and asam laksa. Curry laksa is a coconut curry soup with noodles, while asam laksa is a sour fish soup with noodles.

Malaysian desserts are wonderfully colourful and creative, including layered rice flour and coconut sweets, multi-layered butter cake known as Lapis Legit, and sweet coconut rice balls. A popular dessert is Kueh Bahulu, mini sponge cakes that are dipped in black coffee.

Dear Mr Kilmer

Suggest 1 character in the novel you have read whom you think is a role model to teenagers (2015)

In the novel Dear Mr. Kilmer, one character in the novel whom I think is a role model to teenagers would be Richard Knight.

  One of the reasons why I think Richard Knight would be a great role model to teenagers is because Richard is a very courageous person. Richard had decided to write a letter to Joyce Kilmer, a famous poet asking what should he do with his passion for poetry. He wrote the question, "Should I be brave and tell everyone about my poems, or should I keep on hiding them?" in his letter. Although the chances of Mr. Kilmer replying his letter was very slim, Richard was still brave enough to send the letter hoping that he would get a reply.

  Another reason why I think Richard Knight would be a great role model to teenagers is because Richard is a very compassionate person. During a Sunday morning, Richard, Gus and Pa went hunting for deers in the woods. When it was Richard's turn to shoot at the deer, he purposely missed his shot, sparing the deer in the process. When questioned why did he miss the shot by Pa, Richard cold only take a deep breath and replied, "I just couldn't do it. He was so fine and wild." Richard is also compassionate because he feels for Hannah and her family when they were mistreated. Richard signed a card to show sympathy to the Schemer family when their tavern was vandalized. He also offered to hand her the card himself. "But would there be anything wrong with me delivering it to the Schermers? Just from myself?"

  Besides that, Richard Knight is a very hardworking person. Richard helps out with the family farm during the summer holidays. "The hired hands were amazed at what a diligent worker Richard was." With every summer, his muscles seemed to develop even more. As stated in the novel, "Richard loved working at his father's side-plowing, planting and cultivating, as well as taking care of the animals."

  Finally, Richard Knight stands up for what is right. Richard card a lot for Hannah Schermer when she and her family were being insulted. Richard was the only person who willingly signed the card with a note of sadness to express the regret for what had happened to her and her family. Richard wet to see Hannah and passed the card to her in front of her vandalized family's tavern with the message "Dirty Huns!" painted on the white tavern wall. Richard tried apologising on his and the folks' behalf, saying "I just wanted to say I'm sorry it happened."

  In conclusion, I believe that Richard Knight is a great role model to teenagers as he possesses many great qualities.

How to Reduce Stress (Part 2)

Think about the ways you currently manage and cope with stress in your life. Your stress journal can help you identify them. Are your coping strategies healthy or unhealthy, helpful or unproductive? Unfortunately, many people cope with stress in ways that compound the problem.

Unhealthy ways of coping with stress

• Smoking 
• Using pills or drugs to relax 
• Drinking too much 
• Withdrawing from friends, family, and activities 
• Binging on junk or comfort food 
• Procrastinating 
• Zoning out for hours looking at your phone 
• Filling up every minute of the day to avoid facing problems 
• Sleeping too much 
• Taking out your stress on others 

If your methods of coping with stress aren’t contributing to your greater emotional and physical health, it’s time to find healthier ones. No single method works for everyone or in every situation, so experiment with different techniques and strategies. Focus on what makes you feel calm and in control.

While stress is an automatic response from your nervous system, some stressors arise at predictable times—your commute to work, a meeting with your boss, or family gatherings, for example. When handling such predictable stressors, you can either change the situation or change your reaction. When deciding which option to choose in any given scenario, it’s helpful to think of the four A's: avoid, alter, adapt, or accept.

The four A's - Avoid, Alter, Adapt & Accept

Avoid unnecessary stress

It’s not healthy to avoid a stressful situation that needs to be addressed, but you may be surprised by the number of stressors in your life that you can eliminate.

• Learn how to say "no." Know your limits and stick to them. Whether in your personal or professional life, taking on more than you can handle is a surefire recipe for stress. Distinguish between the "shoulds" and the "musts" and, when possible, say "no" to taking on too much. 
• Avoid people who stress you out. If someone consistently causes stress in your life, limit the amount of time you spend with that person, or end the relationship.

• Take control of your environment. If the evening news makes you anxious, turn off the TV. If traffic makes you tense, take a longer but less-traveled route. If going to the market is an unpleasant chore do your grocery shopping online. 
• Pare down your to-do list. Analyze your schedule, responsibilities, and daily tasks. If you’ve got too much on your plate, distinguish between the “shoulds” and the “musts.” Drop tasks that aren’t truly necessary to the bottom of the list or eliminate them entirely. 

Alter the situation

If you can't avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Often, this involves changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life.

• Express your feelings instead of bottling them up. If something or someone is bothering you, be more assertive and communicate your concerns in an open and respectful way. If you've got an exam to study for and your chatty roommate just got home, say up front that you only have five minutes to talk. If you don't voice your feelings, resentment will build and the stress will increase. 
• Be willing to compromise. When you ask someone to change their behavior, be willing to do the same. If you both are willing to bend at least a little, you'll have a good chance of finding a happy middle ground. 
• Create a balanced schedule. All work and no play is a recipe for burnout. Try to find a balance between work and family life, social activities and solitary pursuits, daily responsibilities and downtime. 

Adapt to the stressor

If you can't change the stressor, change yourself. You can adapt to stressful situations and regain you sense of control by changing you expectations and attitude.

• Reframe problems. Try to view stressful situations from a more positive perspective. Rather than fuming about a traffic jam, look at it as an opportunity to pause and regroup, listen to your favorite radio station, or enjoy some alone time. 
• Look at the big picture. Take perspective of the stressful situation. Ask yourself how important it will be in the long run. Will it matter in a month? A year? Is it really worth getting upset over? If the answer is no, focus your time and energy elsewhere. 
• Adjust your standards. Perfectionism is a major source of avoidable stress. Stop setting yourself up for failure by demanding perfection. Set reasonable standards for yourself and others, and learn to be okay with “good enough.” 
• Practice gratitude. When stress is getting you down, take a moment to reflect on all the things you appreciate in your life, including your own positive qualities and gifts. This simple strategy can help you keep things in perspective. 

Accept the things you can't change

Some sources of stress are unavoidable. You can’t prevent or change stressors such as the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. In such cases, the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long run, it’s easier than railing against a situation you can’t change.

• Don't try to control the uncontrollable. Many things in life are beyond our control—particularly the behavior of other people. Rather than stressing out over them, focus on the things you can control such as the way you choose to react to problems. 
• Look for the upside. When facing major challenges, try to look at them as opportunities for personal growth. If your own poor choices contributed to a stressful situation, reflect on them and learn from your mistakes. 
• Learn to forgive. Accept the fact that we live in an imperfect world and that people make mistakes. Let go of anger and resentments. Free yourself from negative energy by forgiving and moving on. 
• Share your feelings. Expressing what you’re going through can be very cathartic, even if there’s nothing you can do to alter the stressful situation. Talk to a trusted friend or make an appointment with a therapist. 

How To Reduce Stress (Part 1)

It may seem like there’s nothing you can do about stress. The bills won’t stop coming, there will never be more hours in the day, and your work and family responsibilities will always be demanding. But you have a lot more control than you might think. In fact, the simple realization that you’re in control of your life is the foundation of stress management. Stress management is all about taking charge: of your lifestyle, thoughts, emotions, and the way you deal with problems. No matter how stressful your life seems, there are steps you can take to relieve the pressure and regain control.

Why is it important to learn how to manage stress? If you’re living with high levels of stress, you’re putting your entire well-being at risk. Stress wreaks havoc on your emotional equilibrium, as well as your physical health. It narrows your ability to think clearly, function effectively, and enjoy life.

Effective stress management, on the other hand, helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be happier, healthier, and more productive. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun—and the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet challenges head on. But stress management is not one-size-fits-all. That’s why it’s important to experiment and find out what works best for you. The following stress management tips can help you do that.

Firstly, you have to identify the sources of stress in your life. Stress management starts with identifying the sources of stress in your life. This isn’t as straightforward as it sounds. While it’s easy to identify major stressors such as changing jobs, moving, or a going through a divorce, pinpointing the sources of chronic stress can be more complicated. It’s all too easy to overlook how your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors contribute to your everyday stress levels. Sure, you may know that you’re constantly worried about work deadlines, but maybe it’s your procrastination, rather than the actual job demands, that is causing the stress.

To identify your true sources of stress, look closely at your habits, attitude, and excuses:

• Do you explain away stress as temporary (“I just have a million things going on right now”) even though you can’t remember the last time you took a breather? 
• Do you define stress as an integral part of your work or home life (“Things are always crazy around here”) or as a part of your personality (“I have a lot of nervous energy, that’s all”)? 
• Do you blame your stress on other people or outside events, or view it as entirely normal and unexceptional? 

Until you accept responsibility for the role you play in creating or maintaining it, your stress level will remain outside your control.

Start a stress journal
A stress journal can help you identify the regular stressors in your life and the way you deal with them. Each time you feel stressed, keep track of it in your journal. As you keep a daily log, you will begin to see patterns and common themes. Write down:

• What caused your stress (make a guess if you’re unsure) 
• How you felt, both physically and emotionally 
• How you acted in response 
• What you did to make yourself feel better 

Misusing Cell Phones

Cell phones have lost their meaning over the years. These small devices were once developed to get in contact with someone else in case of emergencies, and now talking on the phone while driving has turned out to be a way of life for millions of American drivers. More than 85 percent of the 100 million cell-phone subscribers frequently talk on the phone during driving. Talking on the cell phone while driving should be illegal, because of the dangers they cause. Driving while using the cell phone is one of the major problems here in the US. Cell phones should not be used while driving. This matter is too dangerous to let it go unnoticed.

According to the essay, Yes, Prohibit Their Use, which appeared on the congressional quarterly’s web site on March 16, 2001, the Harvard Center for risk analysis printed a study in 1999. They appointed a crash risk factor to using cell phones. In the summer of 2000 it came out to 450 to 1,000 fatalities each year. The NHTSH says that for every fatality, there are 666 property-damage and injury-producing crashes. There are about 300,000 and 650,000 different crashes due to cell phones! This same essay states that Japan is one of the 14 countries banning the use of handheld cell phones while driving. The accidents caused by the use of cell phones dropped by 75 percent the next month, proving cell phones are not necessary parts of the driving nature.

There are major dangers connected with driving and cell phone use. Drivers have to take their eyes off the road while dialing. Also, drivers can get so deep into their conversations that their ability to concentrate may be dangerously limited. This jeopardizes the safety of the people inside the vehicle, and the pedestrians outside. In order to drive safely, the driver should be able to put 100% of his or her focus on the road. Cell phones are simply a huge distraction while driving.

It is understandable that there are some cases where the use of a cell phone is needed. In these cases, I agree with the author of Yes, Prohibit Their Use, the driver should pull-over somewhere safe to use the phone. If someone receives an incoming call, he should wait until the car has come to a complete stop. Then he should proceed to use the phone. If he feels that the emergency is urgent enough to take action right away, then the person should use the hands free headset. Only in emergencies should cell phones be used.

Some people argue that there are other distractions other than cell phones. While using a cell phone when driving may not be the most unsafe distraction, studies prove that it is the most common cause of car crash accident, and common cause of death here in the US.

The use of cell phones while driving should be banned in Philadelphia, because many people die due to distraction of cell phones. Cell phone distraction causes 2,600 deaths and 330,000 injuries in the United States every year. Another reason to not use the cell phone while driving is devastating the many lives of the victims and their families in the case of an accident.

Therefore when driving, cell phones should not be allowed. Help the statistics decrease not increase.

How to Overcome Barriers of Tourism in Malaysia

Malaysia is a country, which is rich and abundant with culture as well as a well-diversified community. With its exotic and unique traditional customs existing in perfect harmony with first world infra-structure, it certainly is an alluring place to spend your holidays for those who yearn to experience an interesting blend of flavours. Malaysia is also ranked as the 9th most visited place in the world and in order to improve out country's rating even better, we should all put in effort to overcome the barriers of tourism in our country.

One of the ways to overcome the barriers of tourism in our country is that all the people of Malaysia have very important roles in promoting tourism in the country. They have to t be friendly and ever ready to welcome tourism with open arm to the country. All Malaysian must be helpful and polite because it give a good impression to tourist when they set their foot for a holiday here.

Next, it is an open secret that many tourist enjoy shopping during their holiday everywhere. Unfortunately, many businessman in Malaysia take advantage of this and charge exorbitant rate when tourist go shopping. This will make the tourist feel cheated and never want to return to our country again. This can tarnish the reputation of Malaysia as a holiday destinations. Tourists must be charged the same price as local for product that they buy. Additionally, quality of the product being sold must be a top priority for business in this countries.This can attract tourism to make Malaysia as the favourite spot.

Beside that, the cleanliness is sorely lacking in our country. There are many place that are full of rubbish. By and large, most Malaysian have many bad habits that must come to an end in order to improve cleanliness in the country. Many public toilets are smelling, dirty and without running water. It is without a doubt that the authorities must improves cleanliness at all cost, before it is too late. If the country is clean, tourist would come in drove to enjoy their holiday here.

Last but not least, we as responsible Malaysian, we should help to promote our country, Malaysia because it can increase the income of our country and help to build economy of our country. Tourism is a significant global industry with a huge impact to our economy. You can make a difference.

How To Prepare for a Job Interview

     A job interview is a crucial part of your job search because it is an opportunity for the employer to figure out if you are right for the job. Everyone has at least attended or will attend one interview in his or her life. An interview is an important step in the course of job finding. If you do well in the interview, you will get the job; otherwise you may lose the job. Therefore here is a guide on how to prepare for a job interview.

One of the ways you can prepare for a job interview is to be well informed. You must get some knowledge about the position you are applying for, because interviewers will ask you questions relative to it. When you understand what you are applying for, you will be able to answer the questions ask fluently and confidently. You should also find out what products the company produces and read some books relative to them, because you will probably be asked some questions related to the company. You should know the latest news in the world too, because if the interviewers ask for your opinions about one piece of the latest news such as a football match, you won’t be in the dark and can give them your opinions. 

Next, good preparations are helpful. There are several preparations that you must to do in order to have a good interview. First, You must have a good sleep in the night before the interview day so that you will be in good condition. Second, you must be dressed properly, which will give the interviewers a good first image. Next, you must be sure to take a pen and notebook with you so that you could take down the main questions of the interviewers and the other important information. Another big factor is your arrival to the interview. Always be on time, try to be there fifteen minutes early. Never be late to job interview. You must leave your home with adequate time and arrive the interview before the scheduled time so that you won’t be late.

Finally, good behaviors in the interview are the most important things. There are several things that you must notice. Your speech is an important factor. Always be polite to your interviewer. For example you should address them by their last name unless they tell you other wise. Never use slang in front of your interviewer. It does not look right and it shows them you cannot hold a professional conversation. For example, never use word “ya” always say yes.

In conclusion, we must be well-prepared for any job interview. Job interview plays an important part in our life as it can determine our future. Nothing will be easy for the unprepared ones. Thus, we must treat our job interviews seriously and be well prepared, a strong preparation for a job interview is needed beforehand. All in all, with good preparation, we can walk into job interviews without getting caught off guard. Lastly, you must also be be confident yourself and don’t let your nerves overpower your job interview. Anxiety is a waste of time.

Why are you always tired?

Some people are so full of life and energy but for some reason even when you seem to get more than enough sleep, you are still fighting off yawns and fatigue throughout the day. So why are you always tired?

If you know the number of hours of sleep is not the problem, the second most common cause of fatigue comes from lack of physical activity and a poor diet. Study after study finds that adults who began light exercise a few times a week reported more energy after six weeks. People who exercise more regularly also report sleeping better. Even though studies show that they are not sleeping any longer. Even if that does not help, do not go straight to your cup of joe. While many studies show that coffee is good for your health, research shows that your reliance on it can make you more sleepy. Consuming coffee or energy drinks 6 hours before bed can ultimately affect your sleep quality. As a result, people often report feeling less tired in the morning. You might consider making sure you are fully hydrated with some water first too. Those glasses of wine or beer may also be affecting your day. Studies have found that after becoming intoxicated while test subjects would fall asleep faster, their quality of sleep was actually much lower, particularly during the second half of their night sleep. Ultimately alcohol reduces the amount of REM sleep you get. Also always be aware that a consistent sleep schedule is key.

To conclude this, always make sure you are drinking sufficient water, exercising regularly and sleeping at least 7-8 hours a day. This will help you get better sleep and you will not feel so tired all the time.

How to Prepare for your Future

Your school is planning a talk for young people. You have been asked to suggest a suitable topic for the talk.

I would suggest the school to give a talk about how to prepare for your future. This is because nowadays students do not know what they want to do in the future until the very last minute. To prevent this from happening, this talk will be able to guide and motivate them into choosing what they want to do that is relevant to their aspirations. It will also help them to focus and prepare for their future earlier.

Young people can prepare for their future by talking to their parents or a counsellor. Their parents or the counsellor can guide them and give them advice on what to do. Young people should not be influenced by their friends or family which career path they want to pursue in the future. This is because it is important to remember that a happy worker will always be more satisfied than one who is stuck in a career they do not like. They should do something they are passionate about as they are far more likely to stick with something if it aligns with their passions. 

They can also plan for their future by visiting career fairs and skill shows. Parents can bring their children to attend career fairs held annually. This will give young people an idea of what they would like to pursue or do in the future. This is because they will be given a chance to talk to an experienced teacher that can explain what the career path that they choose  is about. 

The organiser could also talk about the scholarships or schools that they are offering. Students often do not know when or how they should apply for scholarships. Through this talk, they will be able to learn what scholarships are being offered and how they should do it. They can also learn what school they should attend in the future that is suitable for the career path that they have chosen. This will enable students to not have such a hard time trying to figure out what to do.

What is one skill you think would be useful to you?

If you were given the opportunity to learn one skill free of charge, what skill do you think would be useful to you?

I think I would learn how to cook like a professional. With so many recipe sites and cooking skills how-to videos online, it is a surprise that everyone is not a master chef at this point. There are so many simple things that you can learn that can vastly improve your culinary skill set really quickly.

By learning how to cook professionally, I would not have to spend so much money by going to fancy 5-star restaurants just to eat a delicacy. I could just buy the ingredients that are needed to make the dish and cook it at home at my own comfort. This will save me a lot of money and time. You will not need to decide between cheap Chinese or pizza delivery either. 

You will also have the advantage of knowing exactly what is in your food. When we go out to eat, we order the food without knowing what is inside our food. This is why eating out leads to a higher percentage of people getting food poisoning. By learning how to cook, we can buy our own ingredients and make our own dish which will be much more healthier than going out to eat because we know what we are consuming. This will make you eat healthier without even trying.

You will be able to impress your friends and family by learning how to cook professionally. Not everyone can acquire such a skill and they could end up burning the house if they were not careful. You would be able to make them their favourite food whenever they want. During their birthdays, you could bake them a cake instead of buying a cake from the bakery. It will save us a lot of hassle. 

How can disciplinary problems in schools be solved

How can disciplinary problems in schools be solved? Propose a few ways to solve the problem.

Schools have the responsibility to provide educational foundation and lead the students a successful independent and successful lives. However nowadays there is an increase in disciplinary problems among students in the classroom and that can cause hurdles to achieve the desired goals. Some students cause a lot of trouble in school because they do not know the proper adequate on how to behave in a classroom. This is caused by the lack of attention from their parents at a very young age. This is why teachers play an important role to educate them. How to maintain discipline in school and a classroom for effective learning environment is an important task for all teachers. 

One way to solve disciplinary problems in school is the teachers should keep their students engaged. The more engaged the students are in learning, the less they will cause problems. Teachers must let their passion for teaching show and make the subject come alive. Teachers should not just lecture all day because some students lack the attention span to focus. To overcome this problem, teachers can try getting students involve in the subject. They can do so by getting the students to answer and ask questions. 

Another way to solve disciplinary problems is to establish structure first. Some teachers have a whole list of exciting activities that they want to do with their students, but instead they should save the less structured activities until the students are used to the teacher's expectations and are doing well with a more structured environment. If they start teaching with less structured activities, some student might assume that the teacher is very lenient and will start disobeying the teacher. Therefore, the students should get used to a more structured environment because once they understand structure, everyone should be able to enjoy a less structured activity while still maintaining control.

Teachers could also solve disciplinary problems by setting a set of rules for behaviour in the classroom. Agree the number of warnings students will receive before they 'earn' a punishment. Once the limit is reached, the student should be punished. If the student continues to have behaviour problems, the teachers should send the student for counselling. The counselling teachers could help out by trying to dissect the problem and helping the student. They can give the student advice on what they should and should not do when in a classroom.

The indisciplinary cases must be stopped or cut at the nip of the bud. As parents, they want their children to enjoy learning in school. An adage which says "School is our second home" must be instilled in the minds of every student. Let us make our school a place of interesting and enjoyable activities.

Who can motivate a person to study

Motivation is an important factor in achieving academic success. Who can motivate a person to study?

The ability to get motivated to study can have a great effect on a student's study levels and grades. A motivated student will find it easier to go the extra mile to accomplish or complete a task that will assure success. The right motivation will allow the students to study with a lot more focus and concentration. Motivating a person is very helpful when they want to study because it helps prevent them from procrastinating.

One of the people who can motivate a person to study is their own parents. Parents should act as a role model to their kids as their kids are influenced by everything that they do. Parents should motivate them to study by sending them to tuition classes or make learning a fun thing for them. They can do so by having an open relationship with their kids, which creates a sense of trust between the kid and their parents. If there is no sense of trust between the kids and their parents, their parents will not be able to convince the kids what they should and should not do. Parents should also provide the necessities of studying such as a comfortable environment, sufficient amount of reference books, stationary and many more. This will make the kids more motivated as they are not studying in an uncomfortable environment. Therefore, parents play a very important role in making sure that their kids are motivated to study.

Other than that, a teacher can also motivate a person to study. A teacher's job is to educate and as an educator, they are responsible to motivate a child to study. Teachers play an important role in making sure that a student progresses in their studies. For example, a teacher can make learning into a fun game which will attract the students and motivate them to learn something. However, students should also have a passion to learn instead of having to be pushed by their teachers. If they do not have the heart to learn, they will make it hard for the teacher because the teacher will have to be constantly pushing the student into something they do not enjoy. The way that a teacher acts will also influence the students. If the teacher is always lazy, they will plant a picture in the students head that they are also allowed to do so. This will cause students to procrastinate and not motivated to study.

A person's friend is also responsible for motivating them to study. If you had a friend that is hardworking, independent and responsible, these attributes will influence a person to do the same thing. On the other hand, if you had a friend that is lazy, procrastinates and sleeps on the job, they will influence someone else to do the same thing. Therefore, we should motivate ourselves by socializing in a circle of friends that are hardworking, independent and responsible. For example, they can go to the library or cafe to study together. They can also help each other with homework when needed. If you mix with the bad circle of friends, they might influence you to do bad things such as smoking, taking drugs and so on. 

In conclusion, besides teachers, parents and friends, we can also motivate ourselves to study. Learning is an important task for the students. Being consistent and loving to study can create a lifetime of success and happiness for a person. 

Appropriate form of punishment for road bullies

Incidences of road bullying have increased tremendously in Malaysia. What do you think is the appropriate form of punishment for road bullies?

ROAD bullying was almost unheard of a decade ago. However, of late, it is beginning to be accepted as a part of our culture as we are fed with more and more cases of road bullying, each manifesting aggressiveness of various degrees. Road bullying or road rage is the extreme case of aggressive driving which often ends with serious injuries or even fatalities.
I believe it’s not an exaggeration to say that the bullies are becoming more creative in the display of their displeasure. It might seem surprising that these road bullies are mostly educated, with a decent job living a normal lifestyle. 

Road rage can have dire consequences, physical abuse and fatal accidents among them. The perpetrator as well as the victim in most cases end up with feelings ranging from insecurity to chronic depression which can be life-long. Though many are fully aware of it and the consequences of their action, road bullying is still rampant and one wonders why. Road-rage bullies can be categorised into two main groups, the first being those with zero tolerance towards other road users and are irked by the slightest mistakes made by fellow drivers and the second are those who act as masters of the road and expect everyone to tolerate and obey them without question. Both groups are equally threatening, as their displeasure is often manifested in acts of violence and at times, fatalities. Try following them a little closer and you may end up paying for the damage you never intended to cause. Try giving a stare to show your displeasure and be ready to encounter members of road rage club, armed with steering locks and a colourful vocabulary heading towards you with a specific finger raised.

What’s more shocking is people who usually appear calm and composed take an entirely different role behind the wheel. Though some argue that road rage is a medical condition with the behaviour of drivers associated with the result of intermittent explosive disorder (IED), it looks more like a psychological condition, judging from the cases we are presented with. I believe that road rage perpetrators are mere selfish individuals who are not perturbed by the nuisance they cause to the public.

A serious study needs to be carried out and analysis done to identify the causes and reasons behind road rage which in most cases are triggered by the least significant and the most absurd reason possible. In some countries, road rage is an extremely serious act. “Any person who chases another motorist or shows intimidating and/or bullying towards another road user can be charged with predatory driving, a serious offence that can leave the culprit in jail for up to five years. Offenders can also be fined and disqualified from driving, regardless of whether or not he or she intended to harm the victim physically”.

Whatever the reason, the road bully has no total rights over use of the roads and definitely has no right causing harm to others. Their actions have to be punished by law in order to ensure the safety of other users. A road bully must be punished by a jail term or fine or both. Although this punishment sounds harsh, it will act as a deterrent to other road bullies on the road. The length of the jail term will be determined by the level of aggressiveness shown by the road bully. Compulsory counseling for the road bully should also be enforced. Where the actions of the road bully do not harm any individual and appear mild, counseling can help and prevent road rage from escalating into a deeper problem. Their driving licences should be confiscated and the road bully be forced to attend driving lessons all over again in order to obtain a new licence.

Maybe it’s about time we change our perception on road rage and prevent more innocent road users from falling prey to the bullies. Let’s not be silent witnesses of tragedies. While the experts do their part in deciding whether it’s a medical or psychological condition and finds an antidote, let us do our bit by being courteous while on road and avoid being on either end of the whole issue, neither bully nor victim.

Causes of stress in Teens

Many teenagers today are stressed out because of various factors. What do you think is a major cause of stress to teenagers?

One of the causes of why many teenagers today are stressed out is because of their parents and family. This is because their parents are constantly drilling them to do well in exams and pressuring them to be the best of the best in order to get a scholarship and succeed in life. If teenagers do not do well in your examinations, they will be disappointed and blame you for not studying hard enough. If teenagers have elder brothers or sisters, they will be used as an example of a role model. You will be expected to get good grades like them and follow their path. This causes a large amount of stress because teenagers cannot achieve those high expectations although they have tried their best. 

Another cause of stress in teenagers is school pressure. Teenagers often feel stressed out about academic and extra curricular activities. Students feel the pressure to complete all the homework, assignments, projects and study for exams in a limited amount of time. In addition to gain good grades, students will participate in many different types of curricular activities such as sports, student council, clubs and many more. The additional activities will lead to teenage stress and anxiety. 

Peer pressure is also another cause of why most teenagers are stressed out. Although most teenagers have a solid group of friends, they are influenced by their peers to hang out in lieu of studying because studying are not considered "cool" to them. Their peers will influence teenagers to do things against the morals of their families such as doing drugs, smoking, excessive drinking and sexual activities. Peer pressure could be done through social media, texting, bullying and it might distract teens from studying which leads to stress.

In conclusion, parents should not put such a high expectation for their kids. Parents should also supervise the friends that their kids make in school and make sure they do not socialize with people who are a bad influence. Teenagers should also make sure that they have good time management so that they can cope with their busy schedules. 

Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasa

On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan's Emperor Hirohito announced his country's unconditional surrender in WWII in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of "a new and most cruel bomb."

At the time of its bombing, Hiroshima was a city of both industrial and military significance. A number of military units were located nearby, the most important of which was the headquarters of Field Marshal Shunroku Hata's Second General Army, which commanded the defense of all of southern Japan, and was located in Hiroshima Castle. Hata's command consisted of some 400,000 men, most of whom were on Kyushu where an Allied invasion was correctly anticipated. Also present in Hiroshima were the headquarters of the 59th Army, the 5th Division and the 224th Division, a recently formed mobile unit. The city was defended by five batteries of 7-cm and 8-cm (2.8 and 3.1 inch) anti-aircraft guns of the 3rd Anti-Aircraft Division, including units from the 121st and 122nd Anti-Aircraft Regiments and the 22nd and 45th Separate Anti-Aircraft Battalions. In total, an estimated 40,000 Japanese military personnel were stationed in the city.

Hiroshima was a minor supply and logistics base for the Japanese military, but it also had large stockpiles of military supplies. The city was also a communications center, a key port for shipping and an assembly area for troops. It was a beehive of war industry, manufacturing parts for planes and boats, for bombs, rifles, and handguns; children were shown how to construct and hurl gasoline bombs and the wheelchair-bound and bedridden were assembling booby traps to be planted in the beaches of Kyushu. A new slogan appeared on the walls of Hiroshima: "FORGET SELF! ALL OUT FOR YOUR COUNTRY!" It was also the second largest city in Japan after Kyoto that was still undamaged by air raids, due to the fact that it lacked the aircraft manufacturing industry that was the XXI Bomber Command's priority target. On July 3, the Joint Chiefs of Staff placed it off limits to bombers, along with Kokura, Niigata and Kyoto.

The center of the city contained several reinforced concrete buildings and lighter structures. Outside the center, the area was congested by a dense collection of small timber-made workshops set among Japanese houses. A few larger industrial plants lay near the outskirts of the city. The houses were constructed of timber with tile roofs, and many of the industrial buildings were also built around timber frames. The city as a whole was highly susceptible to fire damage.

The population of Hiroshima had reached a peak of over 381,000 earlier in the war but prior to the atomic bombing, the population had steadily decreased because of a systematic evacuation ordered by the Japanese government. At the time of the attack, the population was approximately 340,000–350,000. Residents wondered why Hiroshima had been spared destruction by firebombing. Some speculated that the city was to be saved for U.S. occupation headquarters, others thought perhaps their relatives in Hawaii and California had petitioned the U.S. government to avoid bombing Hiroshima. More realistic city officials had ordered buildings torn down to create long, straight firebreaks, beginning in 1944. Firebreaks continued to be expanded and extended up to the morning of August 6, 1945.

Carbon Compounds

Carbon compounds are compounds than consist of carbon atoms. Carbon compounds are divided into two groups, organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds come from living things such as animals and plants. A few examples are petrol, natural gas, alcohol, sugar, fats and oils, protein and so on. Inorganic compounds come from the earth or minerals such as carbon dioxide, cyanide compounds, carbonate compounds and so on. There are three types or carbon bonds. The first one is alkane. It is a made up of a single covalent bond between two carbon atoms or a carbon atom with another atom. The next one is alkenes. Alkenes are made up of a double covalent bond between two carbon atoms. The last one is alkynes. It is made up of a triple covalent bond between two carbon atoms.

Hydrocarbons compounds are compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms only. The major sources of hydrocarbons are petroleum and natural gas. Let us talk about Alkanes. Alkanes are known as saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only single bonds and have no room to accommodate additional atoms. The general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2 where n=1,2,3... The functional group of alkanes is the single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Alkanes have low melting and boiling points because the attraction forces between the molecules are weak can der Waals' forces. However, the larger the molecular size, the stronger the van der Waals' forces of attraction between the molecules. Thus, more energy is needed to overcome the forces of attractions. Therefore the melting and boiling points increase gradually as it decends in the series.

The Benefits of Owning A Pet

Did you know that more of us are adopting pets these days than ever before? In fact, pet ownership is rising fastest among single people, those who have never been married, ow who are separated, widowed or divorced. On top of that, with people living further away from family and interacting mostly electronically with friends, our pets may end up being the closest relationships we have and that may not be a bad thing, according to vetenarian Dr. Patty Cooley - who says pets make great partners. 

First, she says our pets love us the way we are. Even if we're overweight, wear sweats all day, and never do the dishes. Also, our dogs and cats do not care if we have been laid off or just got dumped. In fact if you wallow ont he couch in misery for days, they will be thrilled to get more one on one time with you. 

Another reason pets are great partners is they are the best listeners in the world. Whether you are dealing with a bad day at work, a jealous friend, or a fender bender, just talking to them will help lower our heart rate and stress hormones. Pets do not even mind if you talk with your mouth full. In fact they are especially good listeners if we happen to be eating something. 

Pets are also great for us because if you need exercise, dogs are eager to come along, and they will never critique your form or tell you to run faster. The final reason pets are terrific partners is they will never leave an empty milk carton in the fridge, lock us out of the bathroom, borrow the car without asking or commandeer the TV remote. 

Is Hand Sanitizer Actually Bad For You?

Hand sanitizers are very useful when running water and soap are out of reach but are they worth using more often or should you try to avoid them altogether. Hand santizers contain ingredients such as alcohol of 70% that are used to kill microbes. When left on the skin for more than 30 seconds, it can kill up to 99.99% of bacteria present and even certain types of viruses like Influenza A. The hand sanitizer opens up the cell membranes of the bacteria but they can't kill very tiny cells such as Botulism and Norovirus. 

There are also non-alcohol based hand sanitizers which contain the ingredients such as Triclosan, Benzalkonium, and Chlorhexidine may be just bacteriostatic which means they only prevent formation of bacteria. 

There was a study shown in 2009 with different groups of people that contaminated their hands with the virus Influenza A and the group that was found with the least bacteria was from the group that used soap and water to clean their hands for 40 seconds following with a paper towel for drying afterwards. Therefore it comes out as a method of superior infection control. It is known that hot water can kill bacteria but actually it only happens when the water is at the temperature of 99.98 degrees celcius which would actually burn your skin. In that case, you should just use cold water instead. 

There are also some antibacterial soap that contain Triclosan. There are many studies that have shown that they turn out to be no better than regular soaps. Furthermore, the triclosan is washed down and flows into the rivers or lakes which is one of the top 10 contaminents that is found in the rivers of America. 

At the end of the day, your best bet is using regular soap and washing with cold water saving hand sanitizer for sink situations and avoiding actibacterial soaps for the sake of your health, environment and future generations.

NEWS: Burns victim injured in horrific explosion has FISH SKIN wrapped over her wounds in pioneering new treatment

Today I read an article about Brazilian doctors that are using the skin of a tropical fish to treat burn victims in a pioneering new therapy that is significantly reducing the trauma suffered by survivors.

It’s the first time in medical history that researchers have used the skin of an aquatic animal as a band aid to treat lesions.

When a gas cooker canister exploded in an accident at Maria Ines Candido da Silva’s workplace causing second degree burns to her arms, neck and some of her face, doctors offered an alternative therapy to the conventional ointment-based one – to dress her wounds with the skin of a Tilapia fish.

Maria Ines, 36, who worked as a waitress in the Casa Velha restaurant in Russas, north east Brazil, said:

“The explosion left me with horrific injuries. I was in absolute agony and desperate for anything to ease my suffering. When doctors suggested putting fish skin on my wounds I found the idea really strange. But I jumped at the chance because they said it would be far less painful than the normal treatment and easier to manage.”

She said living day-to-day with fish skin on her body was “a really bizarre experience”.

The innovative biological dressing has been developed by a team of researchers led by Dr Odrico Moraes, Prof Elisabete Moraes and Dr Ana Paula Negreiros over more than two years at the Nucleus of Research and Development of Medicines (NPDM) of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC).

Plastic surgeons Dr Edmar Maciel at the Dr. José Frota Institute Burns Unit (IJF) in Fortaleza and Dr Marcelo Borges, at the São Marcos Hospital SOS Burns and Wounds Unit in Recife, north east Brazil are coordinators of the project.

The radical procedure completed the first pilot project trials on some 50 patients this month.

The Tilapia skin was left on Maria Ines’s left arm, neck and face for 11 days before being removed.

Doctors kept the fish skin on her left hand for longer as these wounds were deeper.

Over the course of 20 days the fish strips on her hand were replaced several times to allow more time to restore the damaged tissue.

The former-waitress visited outpatients every two days during this time to check her bandages were intact.

Doctor’s removed the fish skin using petroleum jelly to lift, slide and ease the dressing away from the healed area.

The fish strips form a mould over the wound and almost appear as if they are part of the body.

The Holocaust

Recently I read this book called "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas". It was very interesting and it was about the holocaust. I was very interested in it therefore I dug into the history of it.  Basically, the holocaust was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The victims included 1.5 million children and represented about two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe. Some definitions of the Holocaust include the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to about 11 million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany, German-occupied territories and territories held by allies of Nazi Germany.

From 1941 to 1945, Jews were systematically murdered in the deadliest genocide in history, which was part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazi regime. Under the coordination of the SS, following directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, every arm of Germany's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics and the carrying out of the genocide. Other victims of Nazi crimes included ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens and Soviet POWs, Romanis, communists, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses and the mentally and physically disabled. A network of about 42,500 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territories was used to concentrate victims for slave labor, mass murder, and other human rights abuses. Over 200,000 people are estimated to have been Holocaust perpetrators.

The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages, culminating in what Nazis termed the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" (die Endlösung der Judenfrage), an agenda to exterminate Jews in Europe. Initially the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. Nazis established a network of concentration camps starting in 1933 and ghettos following the outbreak of World War II in 1939. In 1941, as Germany conquered new territory in eastern Europe, specialized paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen murdered around two million Jews, partisans, and others often in mass shootings. By the end of 1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. This continued until the end of World War II in Europe in April–May 1945.

Jewish armed resistance was limited. The most notable exception was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising of 1943, when thousands of poorly-armed Jewish fighters held the Waffen-SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20,000–30,000 Jewish partisans actively fought against the Nazis and their collaborators in Eastern Europe. French Jews took part in the French Resistance, which conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. Over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings took place.